bahourn t, gressier b, trotin f, et al. oxygen species scavenging activity of phenolic extracts from hawthorn fresh plant organs and pharmaceutical preparations. arzneimittelforschung 1996;46:1086-1089.
hoffmann d. hawthorn: the heart helper. alternative & complementary therapies 1995;4:191-192.
kowalchik c, hylton w (eds.) rodale’s illustrated encyclopedia of herbs. emmaus, pa: rodale press, 1998.
tauchert m, ploch m, hubner wd. effectiveness of hawthorn extract li 132 compared with the ace inhibitor captopril: multicenter double-blind study with 132 nyha stage ii. muench med wochenschr 1994;136:s27-s33.
halpern s, ed. quick reference to clinical nutrition: a guide for physicians. philadelphia: j.b. lippincott company, 1987:139-53.
canadian guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation and cardiovascular disease prevention, first edition. winnipeg, manitoba: canadian association of cardiac rehabilitation, 1999;94-104.
tyler ve. herbs of choice: the therapeutic use of phytomedicines. new york: routledge.
petkov v. plants with hypotensive, anti-atheromatuous and coronarodilating action. am chin med 1979;7:197-236.
uchida s, ikari n, ohta h, et al. inhibitory effects of condensed tannins on angiotensin converting enzyme. jpn j pharmacol 1987;42:242-5.
brown dj. herbal prescriptions for better health. rocklin, calif.: prima publishing,1996.
newall ca, anderson la, phillipson jd. herbal medicines: a guide for health care professionals. london: the pharmaceutical press, 1996.
kuhnau j. the flavonoids: a class of semi-essential food components. their role in human nutrition. world rev nutr diet 1976;24:117-91.
middleton e. the flavonoids. trends pharm sci 1984;5:335-8.
ammon hpt, handel m. crataegus: toxicology and pharmacology. planta medica 1981;43:318-22.
tauchert m, ploch m, hubner wd. effectiveness of hawthorn extract li 132 compared with the ace inhibitor captopril: multicenter double blind study with 132 nyha stage ii. muench med wochenschr 1994;136 suppl:s27-33.
kim sh, kang kw, kim kw, kim nd. procyanidins in crataegus extract evoke endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in rat aorta. life sci 2000;67(2):121-31.
edmunds mw, mayhew ms, eds. pharmacology for the primary care provider. st. louis: mosby.